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Archive for April 7th, 2008

Monday Class:10个对写作有帮助的点子

“Writing is easy: All you do is sit staring at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead.” - Gene Fowler
写作是很容易的,你要做的就是坐下来,凝视空白稿纸,直到在你额头上凝出血滴。——Gene Fowler
我好像总也不老老实实的翻译原文,总要进行改造,概因为文化和书写表达方式的差别导致直接翻译对我们的用处不大。
可能这是所有作家都有的一种感觉(指上面的话)。但是实际上,写作也不都是会让你有撞墙的冲动。挫折对写作几乎没什么帮助,好的写作就是高效的合理的写作。如果你想达到这个目的,下面10个创造性的方法也许对你有些帮助。
Clear Mind/清理你的思路
写作是一项创造性的活动,他得益于清晰的思路。如果你的思路杂乱没有头绪,你就不可能高效顺利的进行写作。写作需要你集中注意力,心无杂物,头脑里想的就是写作的主题。这需要一点意志力。如果我们50%的注意力都用来担心乱七八糟的生活琐事,怎么可能写出有意义的东西?清理思路,能够让你留出一定的时间写作。在这段时间里,训练你自己的思维远离烦乱的思绪。
Start Somewhere/从任何地方开始
通常,写下第一个句子是最具有挑战性的。这也是最重要的,因为这个句子将决定人们是否继续读你的文章。因此,对于写作者来讲,非常关心文章开始的第一句话的写作就显得很平常了。这带来的问题就是,这种完美的苛求变成了进一步写作的障碍。如果你正在为这个事情烦恼,从文章的任何地方开始写,无论是开头,中间,还是结尾。一旦你写下几段,如何得到文章最好的开头就变得容易了。
Accumulate Ideas/积累素材
平时注意积累写作素材,比如考虑文章的标题或者注意一些相关的轶事、名言警句。把这些想法记录下来,久而久之,你就发现写文章变得很容易。平时都注意积累什么呢?

一个不错的标题
几个关键点,几个段落
了解主题相关的东西
记录一些感悟和知识技巧

Practise the Art of Writing/练习写作的技巧
高效的写作没有什么秘密,练习,练习不断的练习会让你写的越来越好。不听的写作锻炼非常有用,不要要求自己写出多么优秀的作品,只是要不断的锻炼。作家海明威认为,不停的写,然后反复折腾其中的90%是一个很好的练习写作的办法。这听起来好像没什么创造性,但是这很有帮助,因为你不用考虑写出来的东西是否完美。

Write in Unlikely Situations/挤出时间写作
火车上、飞机上,抓住一切时间来写作,这些时间往往都是我们最有创造力的时候。非要寻找一个完美的环境才开始写作,这基本上是徒劳,没的写作技术也不会前进。
Positive Attitude/积极的态度
和清理自己的思路一样,积极的态度,而不是消极的态度一样重要。有时我们写着写着,就会感到灰心丧气,觉得我们写的不够好。当我们已经感到失败的恐惧觉得我们写的没有价值的时候,我们就很难继续写出有价值的东西。这些想法阻断了我们流畅的写作思路。当然,我们也不必有过分积极的态度,积极态度足够使我们放弃消极的心境就可以了。
A Working Environment/工作环境
寻找一个合适的工作环境非常重要,有嘈杂的声音并且拥挤的地方会降低你的注意力。如果你在家里写,找一个不容易被打扰的地方,或者挂上“请勿打扰”的警示牌。
Music / Silence/音乐和沉默
问渠那得清如许?唯有源头活水来!为了得到鲜活的思路,选择在不同的地方写会很有帮助。放一段音乐,品一杯清茶,煮一杯咖啡都会让你心无旁骛,鲜活的念头奔涌而至。用一个MP3放一段和写作心境相复合的音乐也会让你的思路暗潮涌动、喷薄欲出。但是,不要让音乐扰乱你的思路。如果是这样,也许你应该选择一个安静的空间写作。无论是那一种,都是为了营造“渠清澈见底”的前提条件“源头活水”。
Be Committed/集中精力
前面三点,都是实现这最后一点的方法。在一段时间内,也许是清晨,也是是凌晨,全心全意扑倒写作上,你会写出好的作品。如果你是一个blogger,写作的时候远离,抵制在网上闲逛的冲动,也许是非常有帮助的。
译者注:对我来讲,这最后一点不行,因为我记忆力不好,很多词语在我脑力里是片言只语,我需要用网络把整个词,或者想引用的故事搜索出来。比如前面的问渠那得清如许?唯有源头活水来!就是仅仅想起了后半句,然后通过网络得出全文的。
我的意思是,学习别人永远也不如学习掌握自己,借鉴别人,得出适合自己的写作习惯才会让你的写作如鱼得水。
原文连接

VOA-R-The Treasury Proposes

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

This week, the Bush administration proposed major changes to the way the financial system is supervised. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced the plan Monday. He said the changes should not and will not be put in place until the current financial crisis is over. The plan is divided into short-term, intermediate-term and long-term goals.

Among the short-term goals is an expansion of the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets. The proposal would bring banking supervisors into the group and expand its responsibility to the entire financial industry. Other short-term goals include creating a group to set rules for the home loan industry. Many people blame irresponsible lending to people with risky credit histories for the current subprime mortgage crisis.

Intermediate goals include combining or closing some financial supervising agencies that perform similar duties. The proposal would close the Office of Thrift Supervision, which oversees non-bank savings organizations. It would also combine the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The C.F.T.C. currently supervises the market for financial contracts known as futures while the S.E.C. regulates securities markets.

Another aim would be to take the first steps toward the federal government supervising the insurance industry. This industry has been supervised mainly by the states for about one hundred thirty-five years.

In the long term, the plan calls for strengthening the Central Bank to guard against all threats to the financial system. But, the proposal would also create new agencies. It calls for a Prudential Financial Regulator, which would combine all federal bank regulators into a single agency. Also, a Conduct of Business Regulator would be responsible for investor protection. This agency would perform many duties currently done by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Small banks and some state officials strongly oppose the plan. Small banks see the plan as a way to make big financial companies more competitive. Other groups have criticized the plan because it does not provide help for the current mortgage crisis.

And that’s the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. Transcripts and archives are at voaspecialenglish.com. I’m Steve Ember.

 
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